Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Kenaf Glass Hybrid Composite Laminates Filled with Fish Scale Powder

Abstract

Progress in both economic development and technological innovation is motivating researchers to create novel materials that can match cutting-edge technology and should be prioritize sustainability and environmental safety. Further, with the growing interest in environmental consciousness, particularly in industrial contexts, there is a heightened emphasis on preserving non-biodegradable resources. From this perspective, natural fibers emerge as a feasible and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibers for reinforcement in polymer composites. The ongoing research consists of four distinct phases. The first phase concentrates on the fabrication of four layered hybrid polyester laminates reinforced with kenaf (K) and E- glass (G) fiber. It explores the effect of glass layer inclusion and changing of stacking order on both the physical and mechanical characteristics of fabricated laminates. The experimental finding indicated that the laminate labelled KGKG demonstrates the highest mechanical strength along with good resistance to moisture absorption, reduced thickness swelling and superior strength recovery after re-drying. In order to assess the tribo-potential of kenaf/glass/FSP polyester composite, erosion and abrasive wear tests are carried out in the last part of the study. The erosion wear study thoroughly explored the notable impacts of stacking order and the addition of FSP on wear response of the laminates under three different impact velocities and four distinct impact angles. Dry sliding wear assessment is performed using a pin-on-disc apparatus. Afterwards, the surface structures of all worn surfaces are analysed through SEM micrograph. Based on the observations, the FSP, a renewable and sustainable filler derived from bio-waste, has the potential to act as a filler material for fabricating composite laminate and can be utilized in development of variety of products for applications across sectors like household, automotive, structural, and military industries.