Study on Frequency Regulation of Hybrid Electric Power Systems Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

Abstract

The primary objective of AGC is to stabilize system frequency and regulate tie-line power newlineexchange at predefined levels by adjusting generation in response to load variations. This work newlinepresents the use of Glow Swarm Optimization (GSO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) newlinealgorithms for the efficient fine-tuning of Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers in a dual-area newlinelinked power network. The study shows that GSO delivers better robustness and performance newlinecompared to BAT and Simulated Annealing (SA). Furthermore, the Invasive Weed Optimization newline(IWO) algorithm is applied to design Fuzzy PID (FPID) controllers for a three-area hydrothermal newlinesystem. The results are compared against controllers based on ANFIS and hBFOA PSO. The newlineproposed methods are validated under varying conditions and load patterns, demonstrating their newlineeffectiveness. newlineThis work explores the influence of energy storage devices (ESDs) like battery storage devices newline(BSD), aqua-equalizer (AE) based fuel cells (FC) and Electric vehicles (EV) as secondary newlinesources for enhancing frequency regulation of a dual-area hybrid power system (d-HPS) for its newlineoutstanding disturbance rejection capability. The d-HPS is a hybrid system, integrated with wind, newlinesolar and tidal systems, and a reheater interfaced thermal system enabled with GRC-GDB newlinenonlinearities. Due to uncertain solar, wind and tidal power injection, primary and secondary newlineload frequency control (LFC) frequently approaches incompetency in mitigating the power and newlinefrequency deviations due to inadequacy of controller action. To enhance the limitation of the newlinecontroller, the FO-T-II-FPID control approach is integrated with LFC loops, which is optimally newlinescaled by the improved equilibrium optimization algorithm (i-EOA) overcoming population newlinediversity and local trapping issues with basic EOA. Furthermore, with the insertion of ESDs in newlinesteps the frequency responses are improved marginally. The efficacy of the i-EOA scaled FO-TII-FPID controller is authenticated by contrasting it against some recent research approac