ACCESS OF URBAN POOR TO BASIC SERVICESA STUDY OF JNNURM PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTED SLUMS in MIDNAPUR

Abstract

Urbanization denotes the population shift from rural society to the urban society. It newlinerefers to a continuous increase of population concentration in an urban area. It has three-fold newlineimpact on urban society, viz. behavioral, structural and demographic changes (Lampard, newline1965). The major determinant factors of urbanization are-type and diversification of newlineeconomy, employment opportunities, better educational and medical facilities, newlinemodernization, attraction of cities, government policies, migration etc (Chandna, 2009). newlineUrbanization and economic development are intrinsically related with each other. Cities are newlineepicenter of economic growth. The process of urbanization in developing countries newlineaccompanied by rapid growth of service sector instead of industrialization in the economy. newlineAccording to World Urbanization Prospect (2014), the highly urbanized region is North newlineAmerica (82% people living in urban area), followed by Latin America and Caribbean region newline(80%), Europe (73%), Asia (40%), and Africa (40%) region in the world. Among the South newlineAsian countries, India is a less urbanized country with 31.16% urban population as per 2011 newlineCensus and 32.40% urban population as per World Urbanization Prospect, 2014. newlineEconomic inequality between urban and rural population attracts people from rural to newlineurban areas. Displacement of labour force from rural economy and their absorption in urban newlinesectors have created serious stress in cities and towns. In India, migration has played an newlineimportant role in acceleration of urban growth which pulls the rural migrants to the urban newlineareas where physical infrastructure in terms of housing, drinking water supply, drainage, newlinesanitation facility etc is very much limited. Thus, some major problems of urbanization in newlinedeveloping countries like India are arisen like urban sprawl, shortage of housing, newlineunemployment, urban poverty, transport, water and sewerage problems, trash disposal, urban newlinecrimes, problems of urban pollution. The influx of huge migrants in search of jobs, newlineunemploymency among the poor migr