Synthesis Characterization and Evaluation of Coppera and Sulphur Nanoparticles Against Major Plant Pathogens

Abstract

Green nanotechnology is the current requirement in plant pathology and newlineconsidering the magnitude of this novel technology, investigations were undertaken on newlinegreen synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs), newlinecharacterization and evaluation against the major plant pathogens to mitigate the disease newlineproblem effectively both in vitro and in vivo condition at College of Agriculture, newlineUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Green syntheses of NPs were attempted newlinefrom seven plants by six methods in copper and two methods in sulphur. Particle Size newlineAnalyzer confirmed the average diameter of nanoparticles was lt 100 nm [CuNPs newline(32.5 nm) and SNPs (56.00 nm)]. Circular to irregular in shape of NPs was confirmed newlineby AFM and SEM. newlineRecovery of CuNPs and SNPs was highest in pome granate pericarp mediated newlinesynthesis. Major five fungal and three bacterial plant pathogens were isolated by newlinestandard procedure and characterized by molecular techniques. CuNPs inhibited the newlinecent per cent spore germination of Exserohilum turcicum at 500 ppm. SNPs showed newlinecent per cent inhibition of spore germination of Golovinomyces cichoracearum at newline10 ppm. Mango leaf based CuNPs inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. newlinepunicae (17.33 mm) and Ralstonia solanacearum (12.00 mm) at 2,000 ppm. newlineIn chickpea, SNPs at 1,000 ppm recorded highest seed quality parameters by paper newlinetowel method and was on par with carboxin (37.5 %) + thiram (37.5 %). Under newlineglasshouse condition, SNPs at 500 and 1,000 ppm managed the greengram and cowpea newlinepowdery mildew diseases respectively. Citrus canker and bacterial wilt of tomato newlinediseases were significantly managed by CuNPs over untreated control and remained on newlinepar with standard antibiotic check. newlineGreen synthesized CuNPs and SNPs were found effective in reducing the newlinediseases caused by major fungal pathogens compared to bacteria at lower newlineconcentrations. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on tomato seedlings newlineat 2000 ppm. newline