the effect of moderate exercise on circulating myokine levels in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals

Abstract

newline Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by newlineinsulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation, poses a significant global health burden. newlineAlthough physical activity is widely endorsed for diabetes prevention and management, the newlinemolecular mediators through which exercise exerts its beneficial effects are still being elucidated. newlineMyokines bioactive cytokines secreted by contracting skeletal muscles have emerged as newlinecrucial links between exercise and metabolic improvement. These molecules may exert newlineautocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects, influencing insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and newlineglucose metabolism. However, inconsistencies in existing literature regarding exercise type, newlineintensity, and the nature of myokine response, particularly in diabetics, warrant further newlineinvestigation. This study aimed to evaluate changes in circulating levels of key myokines before newlineand after a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in patients with T2DM and newlinehealthy controls. newlineMethodology: Seventy participants, including 35 T2DM patients and 35 age- and gender- newlinematched healthy individuals (aged 30 60 years), performed a 30-minute treadmill walk at newlinemoderate intensity (50% heart rate reserve or 64 76% of maximum heart rate). Blood samples newlinewere collected pre- and post-exercise to assess levels of IL-6, IL-13, FGF-21, and Fractalkine newline(CX3CL1), along with glycemic parameters including fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. newline newlineResults: In healthy participants, exercise significantly increased IL-6, IL-13, and FGF-21 newline(pandlt;0.05) and decreased Fractalkine (pandlt;0.05), alongside improvements in insulin sensitivity newlinemarkers. The T2DM group exhibited a significant but blunted rise in IL-6 and FGF-21 (pandlt;0.05), newlineno change in IL-13, and a minimal decline in Fractalkine levels. Insulin and HOMA-IR showed newlinemodest but significant post-exercise improvement (pandlt;0.05). Between-group analysis revealed newlinehigher IL-6, FGF-21, and Fractalkine levels in diabetics both at baseline and p