Influence of Epigenetic Regulators in Bridging the Link between Cancer and Coronary Artery Disease in Accordance with Aging

Abstract

Epigenetics is currently emerging as a very essential player in CAD and cancer especially BRCA1-proficient cancers at several levels, from pathophysiology to therapies. Here it is shown how some common epigenetic modifications, epitranscriptomic modifications, R-loop and senescence that control several types of DDR factors and associated histone modifications on various gene promoters contribute to the etiology of certain diseases. CD4+ T helper cells (Th), the main key player of immune response which also modulate other immune cells were the main focus of this study. When DNA damage accumulates, the expression of some genes is found dysregulated in a similar fashion, either increased/decreased in CAD, NSCLC and IDC patients CD4+ Th cells. Both of these diseases shared several risk factors and among them inflammation majorly contributes to this disease progression. Focusing on this, VEGFA and AIMP1 was found to be highly upregulated/downregulated among all other commonly dysregulated inflammatory genes. Later gene ontology study also confirmed these two genes as a common node in these diseases and among the other genes most downregulated genes were involved in the signaling pathways mediated by interleukins, TNFs and apoptotic factors and genes which are important in regulating humoral immune response as well as positive regulation of cell proliferation. Several DDR factors (BRCA1, RAD51, ERCC1, P53, CSA, CSB and others) have been found to be dysregulated on VEGFA and AIMP1 gene loci in CAD and NSCLC patient s Th cells. Epigenetic alterations, such as abnormal histone methylation, were also discovered in the BRCA1 complex in the CAD and NSCLC patients newline