Development of multi nutrient nanocomposite for higher use efficiency of nitrogen and trace element in maize

Abstract

A nanocomposite multiple emulsion system (W1/O/W2) was engineered to address challenges in nutrient delivery to plants, particularly focusing on nitrogen supplementation crucial for plant growth and reproduction. This innovative system, fortified with cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) and electrolytes, offers enhanced stability and controlled release, ensuring efficient nutrient uptake by plants when applied via foliar route. With a nitrogen content of approximately 3.89%, confirmed through rigorous testing including FTIR analysis, this multiple emulsion system demonstrates successful encapsulation of nutrients, safeguarding against losses due to volatilization, leaching, and runoff. Moreover, its storage stability for up to three months at ambient conditions underscores its practical viability. Optimal pH conditions (pH 7.6) and moderate temperatures (25°C) were identified as critical for maintaining the stability of the emulsion, highlighting its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions encountered in agricultural settings. The multifunctionality of this emulsion extends beyond nutrient delivery, as it exhibits antimicrobial properties, inhibiting bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, contributing to plant health and disease prevention. Remarkably, this emulsion system reduces surface tension, promoting better wetting on plant surfaces, thereby enhancing nutrient absorption efficiency. In-vivo studies further elucidate its effectiveness, showcasing improved nutrient absorption and utilization pathways in maize plants without inducing any phytotoxic effects. Field trials with a 2% nano foliar fertilizer derived from this emulsion system demonstrated substantial improvements in various growth parameters, nitrogen content, and ultimately grain yield compared to conventional urea spray applications. This underscores its potential as a sustainable and effective solution for optimizing crop productivity while minimizing environmental impact.