Bark extract of arjuna alleviates high fat diet induced cardiovascular complications in experimental wistar rats Gene expression study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular illnesses, such as coronary artery disease, newlinestroke,and myocardial infarction are major causes of morbidity and mortality newlineworldwide. Hyperlipidemia is the most common cause of atherosclerosis. Although newlineevidence supports traditional use of TA bark extract for cardio-protection, there is a newlinepaucity of animal studies to support the mechanism and cardioprotective benefits of newlinethis drug in a high fat diet model. The aim of the study is to investigate the protective newlineeffect of bark extract of T.arjuna on high fat diet induced biochemical changes and newlinecardiovascular alterations using immunohistochemical and gene expression analysis newlinein wistar rats. newlineAIM: The aim of the present study was to examinethe protective effect of bark extract newlineof TA (Terminalia arjuna) on HFD (high fat diet) induced biochemical and newlinehistopathological changes in Wistar rats. newlineMETHODS: Group 1- without treatment served as control, group 2- High fat diet newline(HFD) received corn oil orally at a dose of 10 mL/kg, group 3 - HFD+atorvastatin newline(ATV) - 10 mg/kg, group 4 - HFD+TA125 mg/kg , and group 5- HFD+TA250 mg/kg, 6 newlinedays a week for 5 weeks newlineRESULTS: HFD group showed elevated levels of lipid profile and alterations in newlineantioxidant parameters, LCAT enzyme activity and histology of heart as compared newlinewith control group. Administration of standard drug Atorvastatin (10mg/kg),aqueous newlinebark extract of T.arjuna(125and250 mg/kg) to HFD group protected the biochemical newlinealterations, LCAT enzyme activity and pathological damage caused to heart tissue. newlineThe activity of MMP-9 was measured in blood, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining newlinewere analysed with heart tissue, and TNF-and#945; immunohistochemistry and ADIPOQ newlinegene expression analysis was conducted using heart tissue. When compared to the newlinecontrol group, the HFD group showed higher levels of MMP-9 activity and newlinemorphological changes in heart histology. TNF-and#945; expression was also significantly newlineincreased in HFD group and downregulation of ADIPOQ gene expression levels. newlineMMP-9 activity and patholog