Studies on Al and Co Doped ZnO Nanomaterials

Abstract

The transition from microparticles to nanoparticles can lead to number of changes in newlineoptical, magnetic and physical properties. One of the major factors in this is an increase in the newlineratio of surface area to volume. The increase in the surface area to volume ratio, which is a newlinegradual progression as the particle gets smaller, leads to an increase dominance of the newlinebehavior of atoms on the surface of particle over that of those in the interior of the particle. newlineThis affects both the properties of the particle in isolation and its interaction with other newlinematerials. High surface area is a critical factor in the performance of LEDs, spintronics, Fuel newlinecells, Batteries and Gas sensors. The large surface area of nanoparticles also results in a lot of newlineinteraction between the intermixed materials in nanocomposites leading to special properties newlinesuch as increased strength, better sinterability. newlineThe preparation of nanoparticles dates back to the 19th century with Faraday reporting the newlinepreparation of colloids of relatively monodispersed gold nanoparticles. Nanomaterials newlinesometimes called nanopowders have grain size of the order of 1-100nm. Nanocrystalline newlinematerials have attracted extensive attention due to their unique properties and immense newlinepotential applications in nanodevice fabrications. In almost all applications of nanomaterial newlinedevices, fabrication represents one of the most important challenges to their realization and newlinecommercialization. However, to afford the production, needs of cheap, clean, reliable and newlinedurable material with controlled properties for realistic and practical applications of newlinenanotechnology, therefore production and characterization of nanoparticles is being hot field newlineof research. newlineMetal oxide nanoparticles newlineMetal-oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are attractive for very large variety of applications newlineincluding spintronics, solar cells, gas sensors etc. Controlled synthesis of metal oxide newlinenanoparticles is essential for successful application. newlineZinc Oxide (ZnO) newlineZinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical fo