An Analysis of Single Digit Fingerprints for Determination of Hand Using Various Types of Fingerprint Patterns

Abstract

Chapter-I: Introduction newlineThis chapter discusses the introduction to fingerprints, anatomy of skin, newlinedevelopment of fingerprint in the embryonic stage, personal identification newlinethrough fingerprint, fingerprint pattern, examination of fingerprint, the newlineproblem, and the proposed work. newlineThe fingerprint is an impression of ridge outline which appears on distal newlinephalanges of the fingers and the thumb . These ridges are commonly known newlineas Papillary or Friction ridges [1,2]. These friction ridges are also present on newlinethe palms, soles, and toes, which result in palmprints and footprints. The newlineridges have a definite shape and patterns that possess abundant (ridge) newlinecharacteristics. The study of ridge patterning on the finger, palm, sole, and newlinetoes are termed as dermatoglyphics. newlineThe fingerprint is one of the crucial and valuable evidence for the newlineestablishment of the identity of a person. Fingerprint, as a piece of evidence, newlineis encountered in various types of a crime scene such as murder, sexual newlineassault, hit and run, and burglary, among others. On the crime scenes, the newlinecomplete set of the ten-digit fingerprints are rarely encountered by an newlineinvestigator. newlineThe fingerprints are compared using the different levels of details (I, II, III) of newlinecomparison. ACE-V is a method that includes analysis, comparison, newlineevaluation, and verification for the examination of prints. The single finger newlineimpressions are of diverse importance. They are even used in place of newlinesignature in India in several vital documents as well as (but not limited to) newlinewills, sale deed, notarised documents, bank cheques, bank documents, newlineproperty documents, competitive examinations and attendance forms [36]. newlineDistribution of fingerprint patterns, predominant pattern type in various newlinepopulations, sex, race, deformities, fingerprint ridge count, finger ridge newlinedensity, and other fingerprint features have been studied [3 49]. newlineDetermination of hand is essential to reduce the onus of the investigator and NEETI KAPOOR 4 newlinemay thereby make possible the identification of th