Genetic analysis for yield quality and nutritional traits in basmati rice oryza sativa l

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to assess genetic variability, newlinegenetic divergence and character association among 37 basmati and aromatic germplasm lines newlineand to estimate combining ability and heterosis with respect to yield, its attribute, quality and newlinenutritional traits. To study the nature of gene action for yield, its attributes and nutritional traits. newlineAnalysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among 37 basmati and aromatic lines newlinefor all the traits studied. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for grain newlineyield per plant, alkali spreading value and number of tillers per plant. High heritability coupled newlinewith moderate genetic advance was observed for traits like alkali spreading value, number of newlinetillers per plant, length/breadth ratio, iron content, grain yield per plant and zinc content. newlineGrain yield per plant was found to be positively and highly significant correlated with newlineplant height, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, grain breadth, hulling % and milling %. Path newlinecoefficient analysis showed that the plant height, iron content, 1000 grain weight, grain length, newlineand grain breadth contribute highly to grain yield per plant through direct effect. Thirty seven newlinelines were grouped into seven clusters based on the D2 values. Maximum inter-cluster distance newlinewas between cluster IV (Ranbir Basmati, Tilak Chandhan, Basmati 564, Basmati 867) and VI newline(Hansraj, Pant Sugandh Dhan 17, Taraori Basmati) indicating that genotypes from these clusters newlinewere highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection of parents for hybridization. newlineTen lines and three testers were used to develop 45 F1 s crossed in Line × Tester fashion newlineduring kharif 2022. These F1 s were subjected to evaluation along with their parents including 1 newlinecheck (Improved Pusa Basmati 1). Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio newlineshowed a predominance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of all the characters newlinestudied. Among the lines viz., Basmati 386, Pant Sugandh Dhan 27, Taraori Basmati and among newlinethe testers Pant Basmati 2 was identified as good general combiner as they showed good general newlinecombining ability with most of the characters studied. The F1 Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509 was newlineidentified as the best specific combiner for grain yield per plant. newlineThe most promising heterotic crosses for grain yield per plant were Basmati 386 × Pusa newline1121, Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509 and Basmati 386 × Pusa 1509 over the better parent and could be newlineutilized commercially for exploitation of heterosis. Testing of promising hybrids across the newlinelocation in diverse environment is suggested to establish their real potential. Generation mean newlineanalysis revealed that additive, dominance, additive × additive and dominance × dominance newlineinteraction effects were present along with duplicate dominant epistasis for grain yield and newlinenutritional traits. Hence, selection may be delayed to later segregating generations when the newlinedominance and epistasis disappear and resorting to intermating of segregants followed by newlinerecurrent selection. newline