Design and development of hierarchical routing schemes for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

A network is defined as a group of computers are linked together. Sensor networks are highly distributed networks with small, light-weight wireless sensor node deployed in large number to maintain the environment. A sensor node is a basic unit in sensor network. It contains of on-board sensors, processors, transceiver, memory and power supply. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of devices. WSN can communicate the collected information through wireless links. Wireless sensor network consists of a huge number of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are used to detect some physical environment. The sensor nodes collects the information from the environment. The collected information are processed and forwarded to other nodes. The main parameters of WSN are network lifetime, data gathering, and security. The inexpensive and easy deployment nature of wireless sensors are suitable for several real-time applications. The main reason for worldwide WSN finds several real time applications such as surveillance and security, target tracking, agriculture, health, environment monitoring and military purpose. The main challenges in WSN is the energy resource for a long lasting lifetime of the network. The techniques available for long lasting lifetime of the networks are energy resource, energy harvesting, topology and optimal routing. Therefore an efficient methodology is implemented for improving the energy level of WSN. Wireless sensors possess limited energy supply. It is difficult to recharge the sensor nodes, as they are deployed in hostile environment. In order to manage this issue, it is essential to utilize the available energy in an efficient way. newline