Comparison of Autonomic Function tests and Hemostatic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Background: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is emerging as major health problem newlineowing to its serious complication. T2DM can lead to many life threating conditions newlineincluding both the microvascular and macrovascular complications. Cardiovascular newlineautonomic neuropathy (CAN) most prevalent microvascular complication has been newlineassociated with resting tachycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias, silent myocardial newlineinfarction, coronary artery diseases, stroke and sudden death in type 2 diabetes mellitus newlinepatients. Chronic hyperglycemia results in oxidative stress, which produces free radicals, newlineglycation, and advanced glycation end products, which promote inflammation and newlineirregular clotting. Blood coagulation factors and proteins have been related to the newlinepathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS). It is also known that crucial newlinecoagulation factors like thrombin and fibrinogen contribute to neurogenic inflammation, newlinepain, motor function, and neuronal cell degeneration. newlineAim and Objectives: To compare cardiovascular autonomic functions tests and hemostatic newlineparameters in type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients healthy individuals. Also find correlation newlineof autonomic neuropathy with hemostatic parameter in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients newlineand healthy individuals. newlineMaterial and Methods: Following institutional ethical approval, the study included 100 newlinetype-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients as cases and 100 healthy volunteers as newlinecontrols. Patient with T2DM diagnosed by physician in medicine OPD of Nims hospital. newlineAutonomic function tests and hemostatic parameters in T2DM patients and healthy newlineindividuals were screened. Autonomic dysfunction assessed by using the gold standard newlinecardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (Ewing test criteria), heart rate variability (HRV), newlineand Galvanic skin resistance (GSR) using 4 channel Digital polygraph . Anthropometric newlinemeasurement like, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio newline(WHR) were also measured. Biochemical tests like blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin newline(HbA1c