The Study of Inflammatory Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD and Hemodialysis Patients A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

CKD a non-communicable disease forecasted to be raised in the cases, due to rise in uraemic toxins which may leads to secondary complication, hence we intended to study the inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction along with oxidative stress due to uraemic toxicity. Subjects were picked randomly with basic information (patient history) was collected and blood samples were drawn after obtaining written consent form. Four distinct groups were formed [Group I (controls) healthy individuals (n=50). Group II individuals with CKD stage 1 and 2 (n=50) Group III individuals with CKD stage 3, 4 and 5 (n=50). Group IV individuals with HD (n=50)]. After to institutional ethics committee approval, FBS, RFT, Inflammatory markers, Oxidative stress Biomarkers and Endothelial dysfunction markers were analysed. Uraemia a risk factors for CVD by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. YKL-40 is not illness specific and is associated with the inflammatory response, similar to hsCRP. There is an inflammatory component to atherosclerosis, and YKL-40 is a biomarker that can be utilized to detect the condition early. Elevated YKL-40 levels represent renal function and composite renal outcome in connection to CVD. Limited supportive evidence to establish the relation of inflammatory response and antioxidant status to reduce the CVD events in CKD and HD individuals. Endothelial dysfunction triggered by OS, CKD and HD patients can experience fewer CVD events by taking antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medication supplements, which help lower the same. Rise ADMA and E-selectin is due to endothelial dysfunction which influence vascular injury and increase in mortality rate towards CVD. Inflammation may have protective, but in HD the inflammation does persist which can lead to development of CV events. Estimation of CRP levels along with YKL-40 to decide the doses of dialysis can reduce the inflammation can be a conceptive therapy to reduce CV events.