Screening of genotypes and ecofriendly management of major insect pests of pigeonpea at pantnagar

Abstract

The present studies were carried out on the screening of genotypes and eco-friendly management of major insect pests of pigeonpea under field as well as laboratory conditions at GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The field studies on the screening of genotypes and ecofiendly management of major insect pests of pigeonpea were conducted during the kharif crop seasons i.e., 2021 22 and 2022 23. Under field screening, on the basis of significantly less insect pest population, pod damage. seed newlinedamage and high grain yield, out of tested 33 genotypes of pigeonpea, 06 i.e., PA663, PA669, PA674, PA718, newlinePA724 and PA706 were found the moderately resistant to pod borers. As the mean Maruca webs/ plant were least in genotype PA718(6.50), PA674(8.33), PA706(9.83). PA669(10.69), PA724(10.83) and PA663(11.25). The overall mean of H armigera larvae/plant were less in genotypes PA674, PA718, PA706, PA663, PA724 and PA669 with 2.03, 2.19, 2.47, 2.47, 2.64 and 2.83, respectively. Overall mean pod bugs/plant of 2.67, 2.83, 2.90, 2.97, 3.23 and 3.53 were recorded the least in genotypes PA718, PA669, PA674, PA706, PA663 and PA724, respectively. The least cumulative mean pod damage with least PRR values was recorded in PA706 (10.00)(PRR-2), PA663(13.00)(PRR-2), PA724(14.50)(PRR-2), PA718(14.67)(PRR-2), PA674(16.33)(PRR-2) and PA669(23.67)(PRR-2) and the least per cent seed damage was recorded in PA718(4.33), PA674(4.33), PA669(4.50), PA706(4.83), PA724(5.50) and PA663 (5.67) with the maximum grain yield was obtained in genotypes PA718 (792kg/ha) followed by PA674(757kg/ha), PA706(749kg/ha), PA669(731kg/ha), PA663(716kg/ha) and PA724(705kg/ha). Under the ecofriendly management trials, two sprays of different leaf extracts of Neem, madar, datura,murayya, moringa, parthenium, lantana at5% were carried out during the field trial to manage spotted pod borer, gram pod borer and results revealed that Neem and Madar were found effective in reducing the Maruca webs/ plant (7.86 and 8.58) and H. armigera/ plant(3.83 and 4.72) in comparison with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SCat0.3ml/ha(4.78 Maruca webs/plant and 2.17/ plant) and in control(17.33 Maruca webs/plant and12.39/ plant) Under laboratory screening trials, out of 29 pigeonpea genotypes, PA669 was most preferred and PA656 was least preferred for oviposition by C.maculatus. The lowest adult emergence was seen on PA664(14.94%) and highest on PA671(29.42%). Duration from oviposition to adult emergence is the longest in PA658(32.67days) and the shortest in PA291(20.83days). The genotype PA668, PA664, PA675 were found to be moderately resistant with low growth index value 0.53, 0.55 and 0.54. The PA659(53.07%) and PA664(3.50%) were shown maximum and minimum weight loss. Based on biophysical characterstics, the genotypes with dark seed colour, and small seed size were less preferred for oviposition and biochemical characteristics, Phenols (r = - 0.558*), Tannins (r = - 0.507) and Flavanoids (r = -0.465) have significant negative correlation whereas carbohydrates (r = 0.941*) and Proteins (r newline= 0.870*) are showing positive correlation with growth index. Different leaf powders of parthenium lantana ,moringa,citrus peel powder, ajwain powder, sawdust at2% and cow urine based natural formulations, Jivamrit,neemastra and agniaastraat3% were used to manage C. maculatus under laboratory conditions and considering the results of per cent insect mortality,, weight loss and adult emergence, the treatments Lantana(55.83%, 6.21%, 17.33%), Citrus Peel powder (55.83%, 12.05% 18.33%)and in cow urine based natural formulations, Agnihastra (39.17%, 30.29%, 20.67%) followed by Parthenium (37.50%,20.11%,18.00%) were found effective in managing pulse beetle when compared with control(20.00%,46.00%,30.00%). The present studies clearly revealed that in place of synthetic chemicals, ecofriendly management practices like the resistant genotypes, different botanical products and cow urine based natural formulations can easily be incorporated in the integrated management programme of major insect pests of pigeonpea at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. newline newline