Phytomodulatory potential of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract on breast carcinogenesis in rats

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer among women worldwide, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the breast tissue. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Hence prevention strategies are crucial in reducing the incidence of this disease. Natural products, including medicinal plants, have gained attention for their potential role in cancer prevention. newlineMurraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf, is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indian cuisine and Ayurveda. It is rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and carbazole alkaloids, which exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. The present study indicates the chemopreventive potential of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced breast carcinogenesis in rats as demonstrated by tumor statistics, histopathological observations, scanning electron microscopy, apoptotic index, estrogen levels, estrogen receptor-and#945; expression and oxidant-antioxidant defense system. In addition, HEMKLE successfully modulated the altered glycolytic enzymes as well as de-regulated expressions of cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis associated genes. Thus, the present study suggests HEMKLE as an effective chemopreventive agent which might be due to the presence of various active phytochemicals which work in synergy and contribute in inhibiting breast cancer progression. newline newline