Occupational structure of agro pastoralist tribes in central region of western Himalaya a case study of Gujjar and Gaddi tribes of Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

This study investigates the presence and potential reasons for a lag in structural transformation among tribal communities in Himachal Pradesh, as compared to the overall population of the state and the tribal population in the region. Utilizing a mix of primary data sourced from villages in Himachal Pradesh and secondary data from various national surveys, censuses, and reports, the research delves deeply into the socio-economic conditions of these communities, especially the Gujjars and Gaddis. Despite the regional shift from agriculture, many tribal individuals in Himachal Pradesh remain employed in this sector. These tribes confront numerous challenges, such as land fragmentation, lack of irrigation, and difficulties accessing markets. These issues are magnified for those residing in isolated forest and mountainous regions. Significant gender disparities emerge, particularly among Gujjar and Gaddi women, who not only face socio- economic challenges but also grapple with cultural and resource constraints that limit their access to education. The tribal education system, fragmented and often in an unfamiliar language, further complicates matters, leaving many tribal youth struggling for employment and future clarity. The study comprehensive approach includes both regression and descriptive analyses, revealing strong associations between socio-demographic factors like age, education, gender, and employment type. Infrastructure, specifically roads, education, and communication, emerges as a pivotal determinant of economic progress for these tribes. To drive holistic development for these tribal communities, the research underscores the need for enhanced infrastructure and an integrated educational approach, addressing both systemic challenges and gender-specific disparities. newline