photocatalytic and antibacterial performance OF MAL2O4 M cu ni mg nanoparticles

Abstract

newline Spinel aluminate nanoparticles are extensively utilized in a variety of fields, newlineincluding multiferroics, spintronics, superconductors, optoelectronics and cathodes for newlinerechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The spinel-type aluminate crystal structure is newlinerepresented by the formula MAl2O4 (where M = Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Mg). It comprises newlinetetrahedral site (A) and octahedral site (B), in which 32 oxygen ions are crammed into newlinea unit cell and interstices are present between the layers of oxygen ions. Among them, newlinespinel-structured transition metal aluminate nanoparticles are significant due to their newlinetechnological applications in numerous disciplines, including catalysis, refractories, newlineheat-resistant pigment and degradation of organic compounds. Spinel aluminate newlinenanoparticles have considerable attention as catalysts or as bases for heterogeneous newlinecatalysis. This is mostly because of their natural qualities, like being chemically newlineneutral, having high-temperature stability and more acidic than other carriers. Also, newlinenoble metals supported on aluminate spinels have a higher resistance to sintering than newlinesystems like Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/SiO2. In order to achieve this objective, a number of newlinepreparation techniques distinct from the conventional solid-state reaction that yields newlinenonporous solids as a consequence of severe calcination have been employed. The newlinelatter approach is superior because it produces more uniformly dispersed spinel newlinealuminates. Several methods can be used to prepare spinel aluminate nanoparticles newlinesuch as solid-state reactions, co-precipitation synthesis, sol-gel method, solvothermal newlinemethod, hydrothermal method, and microwave-assisted hydrothermal.