Endothelial Dysfunction is a key feature for Macrophage Infiltration in Epicardial Fat and its Role in the Development of Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Abstract: newlineCoronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. Despite conducting various awareness programs about the risk factors, CAD remains the main cause of mortality worldwide. Coronary artery involvement and clinical symptoms also varies and suggests a diverse pathophysiology. Deep understanding of the disease will help in its proper management. Prevalence of CAD is very high in the world. Prevention of CAD is the most important, as well early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies are crucial in management of CAD. The present study aimed to study the association of Endothelial dysfunction with the Macrophage infiltration in epicardial fat and its role in the development of coronary artery disease. The present study was carried out for the determination of proinflammatory eNOS, iNOS, arginase II, CD14 and anti-inflammatory CD 206. Their interplay and associated risk with CAD have been determined by ELISA, Histopathological- H and E staining and immunohistochemistry for their expressions in epicardial and subcutaneous fat tissue. Conclusion: Elevated levels of iNOS and Arginase II and reduced activity of eNOS has been identified as an important risk factor for early-onset and progressive arteriosclerosis. It was also observed that high expressions of these proteins showed a positive correlation with M1 inflammatory type macrophages in epicardial fat. newline newline