synthesis and characterization of nanoporous anode for li batteries

Abstract

newline This thesis explores the role of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and hybrid TMOs in the development of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TMOs/hybrid TMOs were synthesized using simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly methods. NiO particles were synthesized via a solid-state combustion method, while Mn3O4 and NiMnO3 were prepared using the solution combustion method. The structural properties of the materials were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and functional groups were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Surface morphology was studied using FESEM and HRTEM, and elemental composition was examined through EDAX analysis. UV-Visible spectroscopy was used for optical absorption and bandgap analysis, while BET analysis determined the specific surface area, pore size, and pore structure. newlineElectrochemical studies revealed that the synthesized materials exhibited excellent storage properties, making them promising candidates for LIB anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity, long cycle life, and superior charge-discharge performance. Additionally, the materials displayed eco-friendly photocatalytic properties, effectively degrading organic azo dyes. NiO particles, synthesized at various annealing temperatures, showed improved crystallinity and a decrease in bandgap with increased annealing. These particles demonstrated high capacitance (50.78 F/g) and efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, showcasing their potential for both energy storage and environmental applications. Mn3O4 particles, synthesized with varying metal-to-fuel ratios, exhibited enhanced charge holding capability and catalytic efficiency for dye degradation. NiMnO3 particles, prepared with tamarind seed powder as fuel, displayed good electrochemical performance and photocatalytic efficiency for Rhodamine-B dye degradation. This study suggests that these TMOs and hybrid TMOs are viable candidates for both energy storage and environmental remediation applications newline