Study on Fertility its Proximate Determinants Their Correlates in Urban Slums

Abstract

Human fertility is the actual reproductive performance of a woman or women and conventionally defined as the total number of live births given in the entire reproductive life. The society continues to replace itself through the process of reproduction; but excessive replacement create burden in all dimension of development. It is very complex process and regulated by the proximate biological determinants e.g. marriage age, contraception practice, post partum amenorrhea (PPA) and abortions either spontaneous or induced; while births spacing and desire of number of children are the cultural and societal domain. The role of proximate determinants on TFR had been exhaustively explained. Realizing the importance, developing nations are moving with the futuristic goal to reduce fertility with the aim to promote economic growth, to reduce environmental pressures and dependency ratios so as societies ability to invest in health and education outcome is strengthened. According to Census 2011, India with over 1210 million population share 17.5% of the world population; but lives only in 2.4% of the world s geographical land area. newline