Preparation and characterization of co ni ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Abstract

Shape memory alloys SMA have been engineered for various applications and devices since the first discovery of the shape memory effect in the 1930s The advent of Nitinol a Ni Ti alloy in 1962 established SMAs as a major area of research and development Unlike most conventional metals that recover less than 1 of the strain before plastic deformation SMAs undergo a diffusionless thermo elastic martensitic phase transformation that enable them to deform via the movement of twins or self a