estimation of prevalence and identification of associated risk factor of type 2 diabetes in anandpur sahib district ropar punjab

Abstract

newline Diabetes Mellitus is one of the oldest chronic diseases affecting millions of people all newlineover the world. Diabetes is named for the excessive urination and mellitus a Latin word newlinemeaning sweetened with honey , refers to the occurrence of sugar in the urine of newlinediabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when bodyand#8223;s ability newlineto produce the insulin hormone is impaired resulting in abnormal metabolism of newlinecarbohydrates, fat and protein and raised level of glucose in the blood [1]. Insulin is an newlineessential hormone released by Beta cells (and#946; cells) found in the islets of Langerhans in the newlineendocrine gland, the pancreas of the body and it transports glucose from blood in body newlinecells where glucose is converted into energy. If pancreas does not produce enough insulin newlineor the produced insulin does not work properly, the glucose is not absorbed properly by newlinethe body cells that require it. The net effect is elevated level of glucose in the blood also newlinecalled hyperglycaemia which is the hall mark of type-2 diabetes. Sometimes, if newlinehyperglycaemia is left unchecked over the long time, the kidney reach a threshold of reabsorption newlineand the body excretes glucose in to the urine [2]. Since body does not utilize newlineglucose, the body is under constant impression of hunger and that is why diabetic person newlinefeels increased appetite (polyphagia) and eats frequently. Over long period of time due to newlinediabetes many life-threatening health complications are developed such as cardiovascular newlinedisease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy and poor healing of wounds, newlineparticularly of the feet, can lead to gangrene, and the risk of amputation. Adequate newlinetreatment of diabetes, as well as increased emphasis on blood pressure control and newlinemaintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight and avoiding newlineuse of tobacco, (Diabetes fact sheet 2013) may improve the peril impact of most of the newlinepersistent complications. In the developed countries, type-2 diabetes becomes the most newlinesignificant cause of adult bl