Investigation on performance combustion and emission characteristics of pongamia water emulsion in single cylinder 4 stroke diesel engine

Abstract

Energy requirement is growing enormously on account of the quick newlinemechanical improvement, increasing population, extending urbanization and newlineeconomic growth on the planet. A huge amount of fuel is broadly utilized from newlinevarious fossil assets for satisfying this growing energy requirement. newlineConsumption of petroleum derivatives has caused serious negative outcomes on newlinethe environment like global warming. To address these issues, a few second newline(Biodiesel) and third (Algae oil) generation fuels are proposed. Among them, newlinebiodiesel is considered as one of the promising alternative fuel sources. The newlineadvantages like renewable in nature, low cost, and potential to reduce newlinegreenhouse gas make them a preferable choice. Biodiesel is being used newlinethroughout the world, particularly in developed nations like USA, France, newlineBrazil in various proportion with diesel. Biodiesel is characterized as the monoalkyl newlineesters of a long chain of fatty acids resulting from animal fat, waste newlinecooking oils or vegetable oils. Likewise, it is promptly accessible, sustainable, newlinenon-toxic and eco-accommodating. There are a few preferences for biodiesel, newlinewhich are properties such as higher flash point, biodegradability, enhanced newlinecetane number and decreased emissions. Nonetheless, biodiesel derived from newlinecrops has turned into a noteworthy contention as a result of the opposition newlineamongst food and fuel. Biodiesel can be prepared from various mechanisms newlinelike direct blending with diesel fuel, microemulsions with diesel fuel and newlinethermal breaking of vegetable oils by transesterification. In this research, newlinebiodiesel water-emulsion technique has been proposed for use as a fuel in a newlinesingle cylinder diesel engine newline newline