Catalytic hydrolysis of fruit waste using heterogeneous catalyst for bioethanol production

Abstract

Due to high consumption of fossil resources, there has been an newlineincreasing energy demand in world wide. Transportation sector, inevitably newlinecontributes the significant role in rapid consumption of petroleum-based fuel newlinethe most, which closely harms the environmental impact in terms of emitting newlinegreenhouse gases to the ecosystem. According to the International Energy newlineAgency Statistics, 60% of the world fuel consumption accounts for newlinetransportation sector, contributing most of the massive environmental newlinepollution. Furthermore, the global transportation sector consequently holds newline19% of carbon dioxide (CO2), and more than 70% of carbon monoxide (CO) newlinewhich are released as exhaust to the environment. By the year 2050, the newlineglobal vehicles population has been accounted to increase to nearly 2.5 newlinebillion, which has threatened the ecosystem with their increasing trend. In newlineorder to mitigate the greenhouse gas (GHC) emissions, control measures have newlineto be taken by CO2 capture and storage, energy conservation, and switching to newlinegreen fuel. In these regards, bio-based ethanol gains attention by researchers, newlinewhich reduces the dependency on fossil resources and fulfils the energy newlinescarcity by replacing fossil resources with alternate fuel. Bioethanol is clean newlineand renewable; it can be used either directly or blended with gasoline which newlinelessens the CO2 emissions by consuming them. newline