Chemical speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals during water hyacinth composting

Abstract

Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes is the noxious weed in the whole world and it is most commonly used plant in constructed wetlands due to its fast growth rate and large uptake of nutrients and contaminants The final disposal of water hyacinth used in wastewater treatment is still an unresolved problem Composting and vermicomposting are the best alternative for management of this weed but final product may have high content of heavy metals due to accumulation of heavy metals in body parts