Development and characterization of oyster shell derived hydroxyapatite composite films for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

In contemporary biomaterial research, there is a persistent need for newlineadvanced biocompatible materials to address challenges in regenerative newlinemedicine, particularly in tissue-engineered bone substitutes. The emergence newlineof compatible biomaterials holds the potential to enhance cell-material newlineinteractions, consequently improving bone regeneration outcomes, especially newlinein cases involving bone infections like osteomyelitis. Among ceramics-based newlinebiomaterials, hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from sea shells, such as oyster newlineshells, has emerged as an ideal candidate. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), which newlineresembles the ceramic composition naturally present in bones, provides robust newlinestructural durability crucial for bone tissue integrity. The prevalence of oyster newlineshells as discarded biological waste underscores the abundance and newlineaccessibility of oyster shell-derived HAp. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, newlineability to promote cell proliferation, and facilitate cell-guided tissue formation newlinemake it an attractive option for fabricating low-cost hybridized composites newlinetailored for the treatment of osteomyelitis and other bone tissue regenerative newlineapplications. newlineIn the initial phase of this study, a novel, cost-effective composite newlinematerial was developed for the treatment of osteomyelitis, addressing the newlinecritical concern of early bone regeneration. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite newline(HAp) from oyster shells employed a wet preparation method, ensuring newlinecontrolled reactions and uniform particle size, which is advantageous for bone newlinetissue engineering (BTE). Additionally, calcination at 1000 °C and pH 10 newlineproduced crystalline and pure HAp, closely resembling the natural HAp found newlinein bone. The HAp was combined with chitosan polymer and ciprofloxacin newlineusing a solvent evaporation technique to fabricate a composite film with an newlineorganic-inorganic mix that mimics natural bone. newline