Janus enabled delay tolerant networking to ensure end to end communication for heterogeneous underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

The earth surface is covered by 70% of water through medium of lakes, groundwater, streams, rivers, canals, seas and oceans. Evidently, wide variety of unexploited resources exists in underwater which are needs to be explored. The criterion for significant explorations defined with relevance to technology oriented. With the advances in science and technology, research on underwater can be directed by the real time mechanism of sensor nodes and autonomous devices at different levels. Over the past few years, Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) has increased the growing body of researchers from both academia and commercial enterprises due to their vast resourceful applications in underwater environments. Also, UWSN differs from terrestrial wireless networks in terms of sensor nodes deployment, communication capabilities, energy consumption and optimal computing techniques. Despite, transmission of data from source to destination in underwater signifies considerable technical challenges because of bandwidth constraints, propagation delay, large interference and noise, uncertain environment and limited battery power of the sensor nodes. Besides, the design of routing scheme in UWSN seems to be complementary solutions regard the above mentioned challenges. Intermittent connectivity with maximum computational energy and communication resources expose a high demand with data communication in large-scale networking environment. In addition, the research addresses the end to end communication contributing the impact of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) in UWSN. The proposed DTN attempts to determine individual network architecture with increasing data throughput which in turn minimizes packet loss rate and data rate. The research exploits DTN to ensure reliable data communication with an additional layer that resides on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) layer. In contradiction to, DTN introduces a bundle layer which is capable of serving custody based transmission followed by addressing and