Synthesis and characterisation of metal oxides and mixed metal oxides polypyrrole nanocomposites

Abstract

Nowadays, Clean energy sources are required to protect natural resources and control global energy demand. Energy is essential for human growth. The world economy and environment will be significantly impacted by energy use and production that depends on the burning of fossil fuels. Consequently, there has been an increase in the need for high-performance, environmental friendly renewable energy storage systems. Unavoidably, electrochemical energy is a component of the clean energy matrix. Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors are unconventional energy devices. As a result, demand for improved yet low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems with high-performance electrode materials is developing. Supercapacitors were drawn special attention due to their fast charge-discharge characteristics, high power density, energy density, and excellent cycle stability. A supercapacitor is a high-capacity capacitor, also known as an Ultracapacitor. The major advantage of supercapacitors is having high power density and less charging time (about 10 sec) than batteries. newlineThe preparation of polyacetylene for the enhancement of conductivity after doping was first introduced by Shirakawa. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and polythiophene (PTh) paid more attention due to their excellent morphological and structural characteristics. Among all conducting polymers, Polypyrrole has excellent conductivity, electrical and mechanical stability. PPy has been widely used as a biosensor, gas sensors, polymeric batteries, electronic devices, battery electrodes, and supercapacitors. The chemical and physical features of conducting polymers that result from their unique and#960;-conjugation have attracted researchers interest. newline