Gestational Glycemia and its Impact on Maternal and Foetal Outcome

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus GDM is a major cause of maternal and infant morbidity and a key factor in the intergenerational transmission of diabetes The study was undertaken with the objective to study the scenario of diabetes in pregnancy and its management among pregnant women, estimate the newlinepost partum glycemic status and counsel the GDM mothers and create awareness to prospective mothers The study was carried out in two hospitals at Chennai and Coimbatore and the pregnant newlinewomen were selected by purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria About 1557 pregnant women who visited the hospital during their first visit were screened and GDM was newlinediagnosed through OGTT for fasting, post prandial and HbA1c levels based on WHO criteria and monitored throughout their gestational period The family history obstetric history complications dietary pattern treatment modalities anthropometric measures haemoglobin and blood pressure reading was collected The maternal outcome details like parity gestational period mode of delivery and post partum blood glucose for the pregnant women under followup was collected for 749 women after delivery Their foetal outcome like weight of the baby gestational age anthropometric measures complications and neonatal blood glucose was recorded Cord blood insulin was collected for nine newlinebabies to estimate their insulin levels The prospective mothers were targeted to receive the awareness and education on reproductive health and GDM The findings of the study revealed that 47 per cent newlinehad GDM 11 per cent had PGDM and 42 per cent had Normal Glucose Tolerance NGT Age sedentary lifestyle bad obstetric history family history and BMI were found to be the risk factors for newlineGDM Postpartum screening among GDM women pointed out a four per cent prevalence of diabetes This study strengthens the fact that raising awareness and early detection of diabetes is the key to newlinefavourable outcomes It is highly important that women with GDM be counselled with regard to regular monitoring lifestyle modifica