Study on Integer Cordial Labeling of Graphs

Abstract

The graph theory is used in many different domains, including computer newlinescience, communication networks, electrical networks, and others. newlineGraphs are commonly used in computer science to depict computation, newlinedata organisation, communication networks and other concepts.Graph newlinetheory is a potent mathematical tool for explaining the structure of molecules, newlinesociological relationships, and ecosystems. It offers a solution to the newlinecity s traffic issue. Databases and flow of control can both be discussed newlineusing graph structures. newlineThe growth of computer science has accelerated this field s research. newlineThe study of graph theory spans a wide range of fascinating areas. There newlineare multiple subfields of graph theory research that go in different directions, newlineincluding Decomposition of graphs, Domination number of graphs, newlineChromatic graph theory, Theory of hypergraph, Algebraic graph theory, newlineLabeling of graphs, and Enumeration of graphs. newlineThe study of graphs has many different applications, including coding newlinetheory, biotechnology, and neural networks, to name a few. Graphs newlinecome in quite handy for solving a variety of issues that are complex in newlinenature yet appear to be understandable. A few examples of this kind newlineinclude the Traveling Salesman problem, the Four Color problem, the newlineKönigsberg Bridge problem, and the Around the World Game problem. newlinexvii newlineGraph labeling was first introduced in 1960. A concept known as newlinequotgraph labelingquot involves assigning labels either positive or negative integers newlineto a graph s vertices, edges, or both. Because of its many uses, graph newlinelabeling is one of the burgeoning fields of study. We are challenged to newlinethink of solutions for the labeling challenges that arise in graphs. Graceful newlineand Harmonious Labelings, graph colouring, Cordial Labeling, numerous newlinevariations of cordial labeling, Magic-type Labeling, Antimagictype newlineLabeling, Radio Labeling, Geometric Labeling, Square Sum Labeling, newlineetc. are just a few of the many graph labeling techniques that newlinehave been introduced thus far.