A Genetic Study on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology Ckdu in Uddanam Region of Andhra Pradesh India

Abstract

newline Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) has emerged as a major health challenge in rural agricultural communities worldwide. In India, the Uddanam region of Andhra Pradesh is a recognized hotspot, with high disease burden among young and middle-aged male agricultural workers who lack traditional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or glomerulonephritis. This study investigated the potential genetic susceptibility to CKDu through analysis of two candidate genes: Mucin 1 (MUC1, rs4072037) and Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2, rs1799864). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and in silico tools were applied to predict functional consequences. Importantly, newline