Qualitative and Quantitative Enumeration of Bacteria in The Song River Using Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles

Abstract

Water is a crucial natural resource for human life, playing a unique role in ecosystems, newlinebiospheres, and biochemical cycles. It is essential to the global economy, with 70% used for newlinefarming. Earth s salt water covers 97.5% of the planet, while only 2.5% of freshwater is available. newline68.6% comes from oceans, 30% from groundwater, and 0.3% from lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. newlineEarth is surrounded by water, but only a small amount is consumable due to its curved electrical newlinestructure with hydrogen atoms angled towards oxygen. Dehradun city is known by several names, newlineincluding Dron Nagri and Doon Valley, however it is also considered as Dev Bhumi. The Ganges newlineon the east and the Yamuna on the west, two of India s greatest rivers, meet at the foothills of newlinethe Himalayas to form the Doon Valley. newlineThe current study focused on one river that is Song River. Song is a perennial river that drains newlineRajaji National Park on Shiwalik s northern slopes. The Song River starts from Shivalik Hills newlinenear Uniyal Gao and flow through Habeli, Jar Gao, Semwal Gao, Kelwan Gao, Manj Gao, Lam newlineKande, Mathiyan Gaon, Bhamendi, Kund Gaon, Pasani, Haldwari, Ladwakot, Ragar Gaon, newlineGhursal Gaon, Paled, Hilaswali Gaon, Dubri, Dwara, Seraki, Maldevta, Bhajet, Raipur, newlineLacchiwala, Doiwala, Kansrao, Chidderwala, Nepali Farm, Tehri Farm and then merges with the newlineRiver Ganga ahead. Song is one of the main rivers that drains the Doon Valley, stretching for newline190 kilometres (120 miles), and Its tributaries include the Kali Gad, Bindal River, and Rispana newlineRiver. The present investigation was undertaken to study qualitative and quantitative newlineenumeration of bacteria in the Song River, using their antibiotic resistance profiles. Worldwide, newlinemillions of people are losing their lives, especially in underdeveloped nations every year as a newlineresult of water-borne illness. Several physical, chemical, and biological factors determine river newlinesystems aquatic microflora s development and variety. The climatic, geochemical, newlinegeomorphological, and pollutant factors that define the physical