Anti Inflammatory Effect of Resin Based Root Canal Sealer Modified with Curcumin Pachymic Acid Petasin And Shilajit An in Vitro and in Vivo Animal Study

Abstract

AH Plus (AHR), an epoxy resin-based sealer widely used in endodontics, is newlineknown for its excellent dimensional stability and strong adhesion to dentin. newlineHowever, extensive clinical research has documented its tendency to induce newlineinflammation, particularly in its freshly mixed state. This study aimed to evaluate newlinethe effects of incorporating natural anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in various newlineconcentrations, namely pachymic acid (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%), petasin (10%, newline15% and 20%), curcumin (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%), and shilajit (2%, 4% and 6%) into newlineAH Plus sealer (AHR) at different ratios, focusing on both its physical properties newlineand biological effects. The modified sealers AHR + pachymic acid (AHA), AHR + newlinepetasin (AHP), AHR + curcumin (AHC) and AHR + shilajit (AHS) were prepared newlineby mixing AHR in different ratios of 10:1, 5:1 and 1:1. newlinePhysical properties, including setting time, solubility, flow, and dimensional newlinestability, were assessed according to ISO 6876:2012 standards. Characterization newlinethrough Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersive newlineSpectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared newline(FTIR) spectroscopy were performed for all the experimental groups. Additionally, newlinecytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of the modified sealers were evaluated newlineby exposing stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) to the experimental groups. newlineCytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cytokine expression levels newlineof IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-and#945; were measured through ELISA at different time intervals newline(0h, 24h, and 48h). Furthermore, the optimized concentration and ratio of each newlinephytochemical was finalized from the in-vivo analysis and was taken forward for antiinflammatory newlineanalysis (histopathological analysis and IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-and#945; cytokine newlineanalysis) in an in-vivo zebrafish animal model newline