Cross layered routing protocol using multi element transceivers for fso manet

Abstract

Free Space Optics (FSO) is a communication technology in which data propagation is in the form of light in free space. FSO system comprises of an optical transceiver positioned at both ends to enable duplex (bidirectional) connectivity. FSO depends on Line of Sight (LOS) communication in which data, voice, and video are transmitted with a maximum data rate of 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and configure itself. Since MANETS are mobile, wireless connections are used for connecting to various networks. It can be a Wi-Fi connection, or some other medium, such as a cellular or satellite transmission. For applications in an adverse environment, charging the battery when drained is difficult. So energy becomes the basic limitation in FSO-MANETs. When data transmission takes place, network connectivity may drop, when a node gets drained of energy. Further, in FSO-MANET, the nodes keep moving. So the path which is short may not be reliable as it may fail due to partitions in the network. Link stability represents the duration during which the link between two nodes provides good communication. Hence broken links affect the path stability also. Spatial diversity is achieved through use of spherical optical structures and also spatial reuse is possible through directional optical transmitters. It is a multi-element since it consists of multiple transceivers. Multi-element FSO maximizes broadcasting, further thick packaging of transceivers is essential for ultra-high speed communications in FSO. newline