studies on physico chemical parameters of some pharmaceutical ingredients

Abstract

In this thesis, we embark on a journey through six chapters that delve deep into the realm of physicochemical parameters, with a particular focus on solubility. In Chapter 1 and Chapter-2, involves Introduction and Literature Review, and Experimental measurement of solubility. Solubility, a fundamental property with wide-ranging applications, plays a crucial role in various scientific and industrial domains, including drug formulation, environmental analysis, materials synthesis, and beyond. This research involves extensive experimental work, aiming to correlate solubility data with theoretical models such as the Apelblat, the Buchowski-Ksiazczak (and#955;h), Van t Hoff, Yaws, Modified Jouyban-Acree, and the combined nearly ideal binary solvents/Redlich-Kister (CNIBS/R-K) models. Additionally, we explore the thermodynamics of solubility, encompassing enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, to gain insights into the dissolution process. newlineChapter 3 shifts our focus to the solubility behavior of 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone (BHBC) in various pure solvents and a binary solvent system. The primary emphasis is on understanding how temperature influences solubility. Our experimental findings consistently demonstrate that solubility increases with rising temperatures, both in pure and binary solvents. We identify noteworthy solubility peaks in solvents like dimethyl formamide (DMF) and binary solvent mixtures, highlighting the potential applications of BHBC in various fields. Furthermore, our theoretical models successfully predict solubility, and a thermodynamic analysis reveals the non-spontaneous, entropy-driven nature of the solvation process. newlineChapter 4 meticulously investigates the solubility of Cefpodoxime Proxetil (CP) in a wide range of pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures across varying temperatures. The experimental results consistently show that CP solubility increases with temperature and the presence of co-solvents. We identify notable solubility peaks, particularly in pure 1,4-dioxane and bin