Effect of different Levels of NPK and their integration with FYM on Growth yield Quality and Nutrient use efficiency of Maize in a vertisol of Satpura Plateau

Abstract

Key words- Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium, FYM, Growth, Productivity, Nutrient uptake, Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency, Nutrient Content, Vertisol newlineThe present investigation entitled Effect of Different Levels of NPK and their integration with FYM on Growth, Yield, Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Maize in a Vertisol of Satpura Plateau was carried out in two consecutive rabi seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23).The data highlights the significant effects of nutrient management practices, particularly the combined application of 100% RDF (120-60-40 N, P2O5, K2O kg/ha) and 5 t/ha of FYM on Growth, Yield, Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Maize in a Vertisol.The experiment employed a Randomized Block design, with 10 levels of nutrients at Different time intervals, which have been replicated thrice.The results revealed all growth parameter (Plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate) was consistently higher in the 2022-2023 season compared to 2021-2022.Application of 100% RDF,75% RDF, 50% RDF, FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobactor,100% RDF+ 5 t/ha FYM,75% RDF+ 5 t/ha FYM, 50% RDF+ 5 t/ha FYM, 100% RDF+ 5 kg/ha Zn significantly increased the plant growth parameter (plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI, CGR, RGR) yield Attributes(cob length, number of grains per cob, 100-grain weight, and cob weight ) grain yield,stover yield, protein content in grain ,N,P,K, and Zn content in grain,stover and their uptake by grain, stover and total uptake except FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobacter for N,P and K uptake by grain.While the application of 5 t/ha FYM was also found significantly over control for LAI at 30,60 and 90 DAS,cob length RGR, no. of grains/cob, P and Zn content in grain and stover. However, the maximum value of growthcharacter (Plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate),yield attributes and yield were observed with theapplication of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYMwhich was found significantly superior to 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 50% RDF+ 5 t/ha FYM. However, theapplication of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM was found significant over 100% RDF for LAI (30 DAS),CGR,RGR,no.of grains/cob,test Weight, Weight of cob,Protein content in grain, N,P,Kand Zn content in grain,stover; K and Zn uptake grain,total N,K uptake. While 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM was also found significantly superior to 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn for dry matter (22-23), LAI, content in grain, P,K, Zn content in grain and stover but it was found at par with 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn. While 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn was found significant over 100% RDF for RGR, Test weight (21-22), and N content in stover total P and Zn uptake by maize. newlineAgronomic efficiency of P and K significantly increased with the application of 100% RDF, 75% RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF + 5 t/haFYM, 75% RDF + 5 t/haFYM, 50% RDF + 5 t/haFYM and 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn over FYM 5 t/ha. newlineRecovery efficiency of N and P significantly increased with 100% RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF + 5 t/haFYM, 75% RDF + 5 t/haFYM, 50% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM and 100% RDF+ 5 kg/ha Zn over 5 t/ha FYM. However, the recovery efficiency of N with 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM was found significantly superior to 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 75% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM.While the recovery efficiency of phosphorus with 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM was found significantly superior to all the treatments. Whereas the recovery efficiency of potassium significantly increased with the application of 100% RDF, 75% RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM, 50% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM and 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn over 5 t FYM.The recovery efficiency of potassium with 100% RDF + 5 t/haFYMwas found significantly superior to 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, 50% RDF + 5 t/haFYM and 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn. newlineThe application of 75% RDF, 50% RDF, FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobacter,50% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM, 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn and FYM 5 t/ha significantly increased the partial factor productivity of maize over 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM. The highest partial factor productivity of maize 74.28 kg/kg of nutrients was observed with FYM 5 t/ha, which was found significantly superior to all the treatments. newlineThe application of 100% RDF, 50% RDF, 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM, 75% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM, 50% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM and 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn significantly increased the Yard stick value. The maximum Yard stick value 9.82 was observed with 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn which was found significantly superior to 75% RDF and FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobacter but it was found at par with 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM ( 8.71). newlineThe application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha FYM resulted in the highest values of available N 341 kg/ha, P 15.92 kg/ha and K 320 kg/ha in soil which was significantly superior to all other treatments except 100% RDF + 5 kg/ha Zn. newlineIn 2021-22, the apparent nitrogen balance increased from 38.39 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM to a maximum of +105.95 kg/ha in control. During 2022-23, the positive balance of N increased from 59.47 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, and maximum positive balance rose to 113.01 under the control treatment. The treatment FYM 10 t/ha +Azotobacter consistently recorded the highest positive Nitrogen balance of 75.85 and 91.80 kg/ha during 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively. newlineIn 2021-22, the apparent phosphorus balance ranged from -1.68 kg/ha in control to a minimum of -46.69 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM. During 2022-23, the phosphorus balance showed -3.34 kg/ha in control and -42.55 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM. The treatment of 100% RDF + 5tha-1 FYM consistently recorded the highest negative Phosphorus balance during both the years. newlineIn 2021-22, the positive potassium balance ranged from 101.90 kg/ha in FYM 10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter to a maximum of 177.95 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1. During 2022-23, the positive minimum balance increased to 131.84 kg/ha for treatment of FYM 10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter. While the maximum positive balance rose to 195.03 kg/ha in 100% RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1. The treatment with 100% RDF + 5 kg Zn haand#8315;¹ consistently recorded the highest potassium balance during both the years. newline newline newline