Study on graphene based cementitious composite

Abstract

The cement industry relies heavily on natural resources, consuming 3 newlinebillion tons annually and contributing 8% of the global greenhouse gas newlineemissions. Reducing the embodied carbon can be achieved by partially newlinereplacing cement with supplementary materials or incorporating newlinenanomaterials such as graphene derivatives to improve the strength and newlinemicrostructure of cementitious composites. Additionally, the increasing newlinedemand for aggregates, growing at 5.2% annually, has led to the increased use newlineof manufactured sand (M-sand), which causes environmental impact such as newlineair and noise pollution. A sustainable alternative involves replacing fine newlineaggregates with industrial by-products, such as copper slag (CS) and quarry newlinedust (QD), to create eco-friendly cement matrices, reduce costs, and enhance newlinethe composite properties. newlineThe primary objective is to develop an environmental friendly cement newlinematrix with beneficial strength and durability. Accordingly, this study newlinesystematically assessed the attributes of concrete reinforced with GNP, copper newlineslag, and quarry dust through fresh, mechanical, durability, and conductivity newlineproperties. Furthermore, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC) newlinebeams with GNP is examined. Ultimately, this study intends to identify the newlineoptimal proportions of GNP, copper slag, and quarry dust by comprehensive newlinetesting. newlineFly ash-blended Portland pozzolanic cement (PPC) as per IS 1489 newline(Part 1) 1997 was employed in this study.