Efficacy of Ferulic Acid in animal models of Drug resistant epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy is a common and devastating neurological disorder, manifesting as the susceptibility to newlinerecurrent spontaneous seizures. Seizures are defined as paroxysmal events due to brain dysfunction. newlineIt affects approximately 50 million people throughout the world [1]. Epilepsy comprises several newlinedisorders, and for this reason, the outcome of clinical treatment is variable, despite the number of newlineanti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) available [2]. In many patients with epilepsy, seizures are wellcontrolled newlinewith currently available AEDs. The exact fraction of epileptic patients which are newlineconsidered refractory varies in the literature, mostly because the criteria for classifying drugresistant newlineepilepsy (DRE) have varied. A substantial proportion (30%) of epileptic patients do not newlinerespond to any of two to three first-line AEDs, despite administration in an optimally monitored newlineregimen [3]. newlineThe mechanisms of intractability remains obscure but two concepts have been put forward to newlineexplain the development of uncontrollable seizures. One explanation for DRE could be that newlinesufficient intraparenchymal AED concentrations are not achieved, even in the presence of adequate newlineAED serum levels. Such a phenomenon could arise via an enhanced function of multidrug newlinetransporters that control intraparenchymal AED concentrations (transporter hypothesis of newlineintractable epilepsy) [4]. Another explanation is that drugs have to bind to one or more target newlinemolecules to exert their desired action. Thus, DRE may occur due to the modification of one or newlinemore drug target molecules. These modifications causes a reduced efficacy of a given AED at the newlinetarget. This concept have been collectively termed as the target hypothesis of intractable newlineepilepsy[5]. newline