Study of kinetics of SOL GEL transition using ultrasonic

Abstract

This work involves observing the forbidden bandgap using a one-dimensional bi-mass system consisting of concrete and silica sol. This work also includes the finding of the gelation time of sol for different concentrations using ultrasonic waves and the time-wise variation of the forbidden band using the bi-mass system. In this study, the effect on the gelation time for doping alkali metal and transition metal in sol has been obtained. As per our literature review, for the last two decades, researchers have been fully engaged in applying this idea of frequency-dependent vibrations for macroscopic masses and getting a forbidden band that occurs in the atomic vibration. These works are concerned with the vibration of atoms and establishing a dispersion relation for different types of lattices. This approach is very useful to the study of interactions of the wave with the medium, not only in the subatomic range but also for the bulk masses. This work uses the idea of bi-mass systems and the forbidden band to study sol-gel kinetics. newlineOut of the application of the bi-mass system, this investigation was concerned with filtering the sonic frequency by producing a suitable periodic design of material and introducing the idea of a forbidden band. The forbidden gap is a range of frequency of the mechanical wave within which the wave cannot travel through the composite media. When a mechanical wave propagates through a system of materials (having different densities or/and elastic constants) arranged side by side sequentially, the interference and scattering of the waves at each interface produce a no-transmission frequency range, i.e. no wave having this frequency range can transmit through the composite structure. The no-transmission region is called the forbidden band. newlineThis thesis discusses wave propagation through the systems to find the dispersion relation, dispersion curve, and forbidden band of one-dimensional mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetra-mass systems. Besides this, a discussion about the general dispersion-like relati