A cost effective optimal blood glucose control algorithm for type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Artificial Pancreas (AP) is the holy grail in the treatment of diabetes. The Artificial Pancreas closed loop systems are medical devices externally worn to enable type 1 diabetes to regulate blood glucose in an automated way. Type 1 Diabetes is an auto immunological attack that stops the formation of insulin in the human body. The main aim of the research is to make modification in artificial pancreas system leading to compact hardware equipment and reduced cost. The proposed interior insulin- controlled minimal patient model utilizes physical, logical and mathematical information from diabetic patients that occurs day today life. It mainly focuses on drastic changes in the glucose insulin interaction with insulin sensitivity. The model closely resembles Bergman s minimal model with an aim to predict glucose and insulin dynamics, and to describe the transport of insulin. The model tackles all external and internal impacts of insulin with glucose-absorption parameters in kidney, lungs, brain , liver, intestine, interstitial cells and tissues. newlineThe Mean absolute percentage error and the Root mean square percentage error are calculated and found to be less compared with the existing models. The control algorithm aims to achieve stability, minimum disturbance and least mean square error with less hardware resource. We prominently includes control algorithms as Proportional - Integral-Derivative (PID), Pseudo-PID (PPID) with tuning methods like direct synthesis (DS), Internal model Control (IMC) and Lambda - based (LB)tuning methods with all showing promising results. The advanced parallel controllers also guarantee robustness and stability newline