Advanced Fault Detection and Protection Strategies for AC Microgrid Integrated Distribution Networks

Abstract

newlineAssuring the safety, stability, and resilience of the electric grid, distribution system protection is a fundamental component of power system reliability. As distributed energy resources (DERs), renewable energy, and microgrids are integrated into distribution networks, the significance of efficient protection systems increases. It is difficult for conventional relaying systems to adjust to the bidirectional and dynamic character of power in these DERs because they were first designed for radial and unidirectional power flows. In order to prevent cascading failures, equipment damage, extended outages, and public and employee safety, protection systems quickly identify, isolate, and respond to defects in critical infrastructure. Traditional protection techniques face major obstacles due to the complexity of contemporary distribution networks, which are marked by high impedance faults (HIFs), variable fault currents, and bidirectional power flows. This underscores the need for sophisticated solutions. Distribution system fault detection is a critical component of power system dependability, guaranteeing the prompt diagnosis and isolation of problems to reduce equipment damage, outage duration, and hazards to public safety. But as distributed energy resources (DERs), renewable energy sources, and microgrids become more integrated, conventional fault detection techniques encounter new difficulties. Distribution systems that integrate AC microgrids face both opportunities and difficulties in detecting and protecting against faults. Because of their variable power flows, decentralized control, and intermittent renewable generating sources, AC microgrids make traditional fault detection systems more difficult to use while also enhancing grid resilience, sustainability, and efficiency. Since high impedance faults (HIFs) in distribution feeders have special features and are challenging to detect and isolate, they constitute a serious threat to power system protection. The very low currents produced by HIFs,