Peristaltic Transport of Non Newtonian Fluids in Urinary Tract A Two Phase Mathematical Model

Abstract

The evaluation of two-phase peristaltic flow has attracted considerable interest owing newlineto its significance in numerous physiological and industrial applications. This study newlineexamines the dynamics of two-phase peristaltic flow, wherein a fluid with a dispersed newlinephase flows in a flexible tapered tube influenced by peristaltic waves. These waves newlineexhibit sinusoidal behaviour in a two-dimensional channel. Among several applications, newlinetwo-phase peristaltic flow is crucial for the transport of urine via the ureters. This newlinephysiological process entails the cyclic contraction and relaxation of the ureteral walls, newlinefacilitating the transport of urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The existence of newlinesuspended particles adds complexity to flow dynamics, modifying key parameters imposed newlineby the Navier-Stokes equations with non-Newtonian rheological models like Williamson newlineand Casson fluids. The interaction between the fluid and suspended particles alters newlineconvective acceleration, which accounts for momentum transfer, influencing the pressure newlinegradient along the ureter. Fluctuations in the temperature gradient impact the viscosity newlineof the fluid and energy dissipation, while alterations in the concentration gradient propel newlinemass transfer processes, affecting particle distribution and the overall stability of the newlineflow newline