Enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics conjugated with doped nanoparticles against Staphylococcus spp isolated from bovine mastitis

Abstract

newlineThe promise of contemporary antibiotic therapy has been challenged by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which has made the treatment of several diseases, including bovine mastitis, extremely difficult. Staphylococcus aureus remains the most prominent causative agent of bovine mastitis, followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staphylococcus xylosus. More recently, it has been noted that these bacterial isolates are rapidly evolving into multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains due to their resistance to several currently available antibiotics. The current work was therefore designed to identify a substitute for empirical antibiotic therapy in the form of green-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) in order to delimit the spread and upsurgence of such multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The study was initiated with the collection of 57 milk samples from mastitic cows of the Sonipat region of Haryana, India and isolation of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococci) was done. The antibiotic susceptibility assay of all the isolates was performed using 23 different antibiotics of different classes. The isolates, which exhibited a fair amount of MDR pattern, were screened for 16S rRNA gene amplification at the molecular level. The most prevalent pathogen was observed to be Staphylococcus aureus followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus