Analysis And Optimization Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For Performance Improvement

Abstract

The origination of microstrip patch antennas (MPA) has been attributed to numerous authors, but the first research work has been presented by G. A. Deschamps in 1953s. Passing a long duration of about 17 years, E. V. Byron designed the first practical microstrip radiator in the early 1970 s. After 1970, research work and publications started very rapidly in this area with the help of the design equations. Throughout the years, researchers have dedicated their research work in creating new designs of antenna or varying the originality of antenna to some extent and thus to developed either wide band or multiple bands for multiple-frequency use in a single antenna component. However, a lot of research work has disadvantages like large size and height or overall volume of single component antenna and the increment in bandwidth generally suffers from reduction of other characteristics. newline newline Low fabrication costs and low profile features of microstrip antennas have consistently motivated the scientists and researchers to undertake the behaviour of such antennas in various ways. The principal source of radiation in patch antennas can be described as electric fringing fields between ground and edges of the conductor element. The distribution of field connecting the patch metallization and ground plane determines the radiation from patch antenna. For better efficiency of radiation, thicker substrate having lower permittivity is utilized in microstrip antennas. An important necessity for microstrip patch antenna is the small size. Using dielectric material having high permittivity and small substrate thickness, can achieve small size of patch. But due to this, the radiation efficiency and the antenna gain reduce. The patches that possess resonant behaviour plays key role to attain appropriate bandwidth. newline newline Regular microstrip patch antenna designs provide narrow bandwidth. Narrow bandwidth is a major limitation of such microstrip patch antenna (MPA). It is the main motive of this research work to introduce effective and scien