A Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Chlorine and Sodium Co doped Hydroxyapatite as a Novel Synthetic Bone Substitute

Abstract

ABSTRACT newlineHydroxyapatite has been widely considered as a potential bioceramic due to its newlineresemblance to biological HA in structure and properties. It forms the major inorganic newlineconstituent of all the calcified tissues in body. However several improvements in its newlinechemical, physical and biological properties have been made possible by introducing newlineforeign ions in its structure through doping. Though a number of different ions have newlinebeen introduced in HA, a limited literature is available on Cl and Na co-doped HA. In newlinethe present study an attempt has been made to co-dope HA with chlorine (Cl) and newlinesodium (Na). The substitutions by Chlorine need to be widely investigated owing to its newlinebiological importance in the body. Na on the other hand is known to be present in newlineabundance in bone and tooth mineral and plays a vital role in various bone metabolic newlineprocesses. Limited literature is available on the synthesis of Cl doped HA [Fahami et newlineal (2013) and kannan et al (2007)]. Na doped HA has been reported by Sopyan et al newline(2013), but their study mainly includes the structural and mechanical characterizations newlineonly. There is no reported work regarding Cl and Na co-doped HA. Therefore the aim newlineof the current research is to explore the potential of these ion dopings on the various newlineproperties of HA. ClHA (chlorine doped HA) and NaHA (sodium doped HA) was newlinesuccessfully synthesized via a facile mechanical alloying route. The effect of varying newlinedegrees of Cl in Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-xClx (where x = 0.5,1,1.5 and 2) and Na in Ca10-xNax newline(PO4)6(OH)2(where x = 0.5,1,1.5 and 2) was studied through various characterization newlinestudies using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis. newlineBiological characterizations included haemocompatibilty and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. newlineThe same synthesis route was adopted for the synthesis of co-doped HA (Cl-NaHA) newlineand similar characterizations done in order to evaluate the effects of doping on the newlineA Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Chlorine and Sodium Co-doped Hydroxyapatite