Screening of Potential Actinomycetes from Lonar Soda Lake for its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity

Abstract

Abstract: newlineBackground: Actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria, are recognized for producing bioactive metabolites. Lonar Soda Lake, an alkaline ecosystem, hosts diverse actinomycetes with possible antimicrobial and anticancer activities. newlineAim: To assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of fermentation metabolites from actinomycetes isolated from Lonar Soda Lake against HeLa cancer cells employing in-vitro and in-silico methods. newlineObjectives: Evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of fermentation metabolites from Actinomycetes isolated from Lonar Lake. Execute molecular docking to forecast metabolite connections with cancer-related proteins, and understand molecular mechanism by using biomarker. newlineMaterials and Methods: The actinomycetes were isolated from the composite sample of Lonar newlineLake using a selective medium and recognized by standard protocols and gene sequencing. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and Cytotoxicity was performed on HeLa cells using the MTT assay, in conjunction with oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory, and apoptotic markers (GSH, MDA, TNF-and#945;, and caspase 3). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies evaluated metabolite binding to cancer-related proteins (Bcl-2, TNF-and#945;, caspase 3). newlineResults: LLSD-9 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 30 to 120 and#956;g/ml. LLSD 7 showed moderate to significant antimicrobial activity with MIC between 50 to 95 and#956;g/ml. LLSD 5 exhibited narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity with MIC between 30 to 50 and#956;g/ml. LLSD 5, LLSD 7, and LLSD 9 displayed significant species-specific antifungal activity with MIC between 75 to 120 and#956;g/ml. All isolates exhibited strong activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis, with MIC between 35 to 70 and#956;g/ml. The present study revealed potential antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitubercular effects of fermentation metabolites of actinomycetes from Lonar Lake....