Evaluation Of Comparative Efficacy Of Fennel Seeds Versus Mefenamic Acid In The Management Of Primary Dysmenorrhea Reverse Pharmacology Approach

Abstract

newline ABSTRACT newlineBackground: newlinePrimary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstrual cramps that occur in the absence of any pelvic pathology and is one of the most common gynaecological disorders among adolescents and young adult females. It typically begins within six to twelve months after menarche, coinciding with the establishment of ovulatory cycles. The pain is often described as cramping and located in the lower abdomen, radiating to the back or thighs, and is frequently associated with systemic symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhoea, and dizziness. Globally, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea ranges from 45% to 95%, with the highest incidence reported among adolescents and young women under 25 years of age. newlineMethodology: newlineIEC approval DMIHER (DU)/IEC/2023/02 obtained prior to the trial, and CTRI registration number CTRI/2024/07/071005 obtained. A randomized controlled study will be conducted for adolescents girls with primary dysmenorrhea in schools of Wardha district, Maharashtra. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and their parents before enrolment. In the dose escalation, 40 participants were randomly allocated into four groups sequentially: fennel seed churna (1 g, 3 g, 5 g and 7 g) and then best dose of fennel seed compare the mefenamic acid 500mg used for control group. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 100 adolescent Participants were selected using simple random sampling and equally divided into control (n = 50) and experimental (n = 50) groups Pain intensity and associated symptoms were assessed all groups baseline (Before) and two hour after the intervention for first 3 days of newlinemenstrual cycle. Each participant was individually evaluated by the investigator for menstrual pain and symptoms. These parameters were measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a standardized rating scale for primary dysmenorrhea, and a checklist for monitoring adverse drug effects. newlineResults: newlineThe study demonstrated significant improvements across