Investigation of mechanical properties curing characteristics and microstructural analysis of ground tyre rubber blends natural rubber hybrid composites

Abstract

In recent years, recycling rubber waste has become a critical newlineenvironmental issue for the rubber industry due to its inability to decompose newlineeasily. The automobile industry is developing quickly, and at the same time, newlinethe production of waste rubber is growing substantially. Globally, ground tire newlinerubber (GTR) has become one of the most significant wastes in the world. So, newlinethe conversion of GTR into a useful product is an essential one. To improve newlinethe performance of the hybrid rubber composites and reduce contamination in newlinethe environment, GTR is used as a reinforcement filler. newlineThis study investigates the effect of different ratios of GTR blends newlinewith natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/styrene-butadiene rubber newline(SBR), NR/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and NR/chloroprene newlinerubber (CR) composites. A two-roll mill and hydraulic press were used to newlinedevelop the various NR-based hybrid composites, such as NR (70 phr) with newline25 phr of BR and 5 phr of SBR or NR (95 phr) with 5 phr of EPDM or NR newline(95 phr) with 5 phr of CR, and with various proportions of GTR (10, 20, 30, newlineand 40 phr). In addition, all composites constantly use conventional fillers, newlinesuch as silica (20 phr), nylon 6 (5 phr), and carbon black (10 phr). The newlinemechanical properties, curing characteristics, and microstructural analysis newline(Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared newlineSpectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential newlineScanning Calorimeter (DSC)) of the developed various NR-based hybrid newlinerubber composites with GTR were examined and compared without GTR. newlineWith the inclusion of GTR in NR/BR/SBR composite, tensile strength was newlineenhanced by 1.28 35.03%, hardness was increased by 3.08-4.92%, Young s newlinemodulus was increased by 11.81 24.7 MPa, tear strength was increased by newline3.61- 10.46%, and the elongation at break was decreased by 5.37 24.76% newlineover NR/BR/SBR composite. newline