Dynamic response of soft soils treated with bio enzyme and nano additives

Abstract

Recent Indian earthquake histories and post-event analyses demonstrate the importance newlineof local site impacts on damages of civil infrastructures. While the earthquake-resistant newlinedesign is becoming more prevalent, a systematic approach to study and design that newlineincorporates site-specific ground response analysis is still absent. During dynamic events, newlineit is possible to minimise unexpected loss of lives, damage of structures, and economy by newlineconsidering the local site effects produced by the available soft soil deposits in shallow newlinedepths. A ground response study uses the primary characteristics of soils, including shear newlinewave velocity, stiffness, and damping ratios. These factors assist in determining any newlineweaknesses in the soil qualities that could enhance seismic waves travelling to the ground newlinesurface. It used to be efficient in many soil types with chemical stabilisation using newlineconventional additives such as cement, lime, and fly ash. However, modern eco-friendly newlinetechniques promote non-toxic additives like bio-enzyme and Nanoparticles. Increased newlinecement use to improve soil strength can substantially pollute groundwater and air owing newlineto carbon emissions. Replacing existing additives can be a small but significant step newlinetowards a better future. The literature for gaps and previous findings is reviewed to newlinedevelop a framework for the current effort. newlineThere are few studies on site-specific evaluations of bio-enzymes and Nanoparticles newlinein soil enhancement. The cyclic or dynamic behaviour of soft soils treated with Nano and newlinebio-enzyme materials has rarely been studied. The dynamic loading behaviour of soft newlineclay soil from Kochi, Kerala, is investigated; This was followed by a curing period of 1 newlineto 28 days to get the optimum doses of bio-enzyme and Nano-silica with a limited dosage